1. Strattera (atomoxetine)
Strattera (atomoxetine) is a serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI). SNRIs are a class of drugs that work by blocking the reuptake of the neurotransmitters serotonin and norepinephrine to increase levels in the brain. Strattera was the first non-stimulant medication approved by the FDA to treat ADHD and is commonly prescribed to children and teens to avoid the common side effects of stimulant medication.
Common side effects of Strattera can include:
- Decrease in appetite
- Feeling agitated
- Dry mouth
- Dizziness
- Increased heart rate
- Increased blood pressure
- Fatigue
- Irritability or agitation
- Vomiting or nausea
- Weight loss
"For some patients stimulants may not be a good fit for treatment for multiple reasons like comorbid, anxiety or mood symptoms, side effects or lack of response. Strattera is a great medication and addresses the ADHD symptoms with less side effects [that are] associated with stimulants."
— Dr. Muhammad Munir, MD
If you’re interested in getting a prescription for Strattera, you can connect with an online psychiatrist at Talkspace and discuss options.
2. Intuniv (guanfacine)
Intuniv is a centrally-acting alpha 2-adrenergic receptor agonist. This non-stimulant medication can be used to treat ADHD by targeting the part of the brain — primarily the prefrontal cortex — that’s in control of impulsivity and attention. The generic version of this medication is guanfacine which can be just as effective if Intuniv is expensive.
Common side effects of Intuniv can include:
- Drowsiness
- Nervousness
- Anxiety
- Hallucinations — especially common in children
- Slowed heartbeat
- Lightheadedness
- Tremors or convulsions
- Confusion
- Headache
If a prescription for Guanfacine sounds like a good option for you, talk with your doctor to see if it suits your treatment plan.
3. Kapvay (clonidine)
Kapvay (clonidine) is another centrally-acting alpha2-adrenergic agonist used to treat ADHD. Like Intuniv, Kapvay is a non-stimulant ADHD med that selectively targets alpha-2 adrenergic receptors to reduce hyperactivity and impulsivity while increasing attention.
Common side effects of Kapvay can include:
- Sedation or tiredness
- Cough
- Runny nose
- Sore throat and sneezing
- Nightmares
- Irritability or change in mood.
- Dry mouth
4. Wellbutrin (bupropion)
Wellbutrin (bupropion) is a norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI) antidepressant. It can be prescribed off-label to treat ADHD as an alternative to first-line treatment stimulant medications. NDRIs work by preventing norepinephrine and dopamine from transporting back into the brain cells after they’re released, raising the level of these neurotransmitters in the brain. While initially developed to treat depression, Wellbutrin can effectively treat ADHD symptoms like inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity in some people.
Common side effects of Wellbutrin can include:
- Dizziness
- Blurred vision
- Difficulty sleeping
- Dry mouth
- Constipation
- Decreased appetite
- Agitation and increased anxiety
- Headache
- Vomiting or nausea
5. Qelbree (viloxazine)
Qelbree (viloxazine) belongs to the class of drugs known as serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). The FDA has approved this non-stimulant ADHD medication for adults and children six years and older. SNRIs can treat ADHD by raising norepinephrine and serotonin levels in the brain. It’s believed that these ADHD drugs can improve communication between brain nerve cells, ultimately resulting in improved impulse control and the ability to concentrate better.
Common side effects of Qelbree can include:
- Headache
- Mild fatigue or drowsiness
- Insomnia
- Dry mouth
- Decrease in appetite
- Constipation
- Dizziness
6. Effexor (venlafaxine)
Effexor (venlafaxine) is a newer medication in the class of drugs known as serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). While the drug was initially developed and is FDA-approved to treat depression, it’s used off-label to treat ADHD. Like all SNRIs, Effexor works in the brain by boosting levels of norepinephrine and serotonin to improve mood, impulse control, and concentration.
Common side effects of Effexor can include:
- Loss of appetite
- Unusual or bizarre dreams
- Constipation or diarrhea
- Dry mouth
- Sexual problems
- Vomiting or nausea
- Sleep issues — excessive sleepiness or difficulty sleeping
- Blurred vision
- Dizziness
- Anxiety
- Headache
- Tremors
- Elevated heart rate
Comparing Non-Stimulants vs. Stimulants
Like any prescribed medication used to treat a mental health condition, there is no one-size-fits-all solution for treating ADHD. Non-stimulant medications vs. stimulant medications each have their benefits and drawbacks.
"Considering stimulants versus non-stimulants for treatment of ADHD is dependent on multiple factors, including but not limited to symptoms of ADHD, comorbid anxiety mood disorders, side effect concerns (especially weight, loss, growth, suppression in children), and concerns of abuse with stimulants. In some instances of ADHD, non-stimulants do not work effectively due to the nature of the chemical and stimulants are the first line response."
— Dr. Muhammad Munir, MD
A significant difference between stimulant and non-stimulant medications is that non-stimulants aren’t considered controlled substances, which means they don’t have a risk of abuse.
- Stimulants like Ritalin and Adderall work by quickly increasing neurotransmitter levels — such as norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin — in the brain to improve attention and focus. Beyond the rapid increase, they also keep them in the brain longer. Because of the fast change in brain chemistry, some people find they’re more sensitive to stimulants and, as a result, see more intense side effects, such as ADHD burnout. Because of this, many people opt for Adderall alternatives.
- On the other hand, non-stimulant treatments rely on an alternative mechanism of action. By inhibiting reuptake, they increase neurotransmitters in the brain, but their often-subtler approach might mean reduced side effects for some people. Thus, non-stimulants may be a good option for people who have experienced adverse side effects from stimulant medications.
How to Choose the Best Non-Stimulant ADHD Medication for You
Finding the right non-stimulant ADHD medication can take time and depends on your individual needs, symptoms, and health history. While non-stimulants are often preferred for their lower risk of abuse and milder side effects, it’s important to work closely with a healthcare provider to determine which option aligns with your goals.
Here are a few key factors to consider when being prescribed a non-stimulant ADHD medication:
- Symptom profile: Some medications may be better suited to treating inattention, while others help manage hyperactivity or impulsivity. Share your most challenging symptoms with your provider to guide the selection.
- Age and approval status: Not all medications are FDA-approved for every age group. For example, Qelbree is approved for children as young as six, while others like Wellbutrin are used off-label in younger populations.
- Coexisting conditions: If you also experience anxiety, depression, or sleep issues, your doctor may recommend a non-stimulant that can address more than one condition, such as Wellbutrin or guanfacine.
- Past medication responses: If you’ve tried stimulants before and experienced side effects or insufficient relief, your doctor may suggest starting with a non-stimulant that works differently in the brain.
- Lifestyle preferences: Some people prefer a non-stimulant due to concerns around side effects, potential misuse, or simply a desire for a more gradual and long-term approach to symptom management.
No matter your reasons, choosing the right ADHD medication is a personalized decision. A licensed provider can help you weigh the pros and cons and monitor your progress to ensure you’re getting the support you need.
Holistic ADHD Treatment with Talkspace
Using a comprehensive approach that combines ADHD medication, therapy, and self-help strategies can offer the best results for treating ADHD. Whether to take a stimulant or non-stimulant ADHD medication is a decision you’ll need to make with your doctor. Non-stimulants can be a viable choice for people who have either experienced adverse reactions to stimulants in the past or who want to combine medication with natural remedies for ADHD as part of a holistic treatment plan.
Talkspace makes ADHD treatment easy, convenient, and affordable. You can determine which treatment plan best suits your needs and goals through access to licensed therapists and psychiatrists. Talkspace providers are able to put together tailored treatment plans that include CBT for ADHD and non-stimulant medications. If you’re considering switching your ADHD medication to a non-stimulant or wondering how to get ADHD medication, reach out to Talkspace today to learn more.
