Medications to Treat Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Types of Medications Used to Treat ADHD

There are several ADHD medications you might consider. We're taking a closer look at the more common ones in the following ADHD medication list:

Prescription Stimulants (long-acting/extended-release)

Long-acting/extended-release stimulants have been used to treat ADHD for decades. They're the most commonly prescribed ADHD medication to treat ADHD in children, and they're actually the most well-researched ADHD drug for both children and adults. Stimulant drugs can help you focus your thoughts while ignoring external distractions. According to research published in Frontiers in Neuroscience, stimulant medications are effective for approximately 70-80% of people diagnosed with ADHD.

They slowly and gradually increase norepinephrine and dopamine levels and activity in your brain. Since they're "long-acting," they take effect and wear off slowly through the day, which can help reduce major side effects.

Stimulants are effective for a wide range of ages, including children, adolescents, teens, and adults. Within the class of stimulants, there are two types of ADHD medications: methylphenidate and amphetamine salts. Extended-release stimulants are most often taken once a day in the morning.

Prescription Stimulants (short-acting/immediate release)

Short-acting stimulants are typically taken every four hours when needed. Like long-acting stimulants, short-acting/immediate-release stimulants also target a neurotransmitter called dopamine. This brain chemical helps control emotional responses and movement while also playing a major role in motivation.

Non-Stimulant Medication

As an alternative to stimulant ADHD medications used for ADHD treatment, non-stimulant ADHD medications are also an option. These typically take longer to begin working after the dose adjustment, and the full effect of the ADHD meds may not be felt or seen for several weeks.

On the positive side, however, non-stimulants typically don't cause as many sleep issues or agitation. Nor do some of them result in a lack of appetite, which can be important in younger children. Non-stimulants are also used in conjunction with stimulants as part of the treatment plan by your psychiatrist. Finally, non-stimulants don't have the same risk of addiction or abuse as some other ADHD medications used for ADHD do.

Non-stimulant ADHD medication boosts levels of norepinephrine in the brain. Increasing norepinephrine helps with emotional stability and executive functioning. People who take certain non-stimulants to treat their ADHD may be able to begin and finish tasks more quickly and efficiently with an increased attention span. They may also find a significant decrease in impulsivity, distractibility, and hyperactivity.

Antidepressants

Sometimes antidepressants can be used off-label to treat ADHD. Using a drug off-label means it's used by doctors even though it hasn't officially been approved by the FDA for use with a specific medical or mental health condition.

In 2004, the FDA added a black box label about an apparent link between a higher risk of suicide in adults who use depression ADHD medication for ADHD. This risk seems to be increased in the first 1 – 2 months of use. However, research published in Frontiers in Psychiatry, among others, has questioned the overall impact of this warning, noting that declines in antidepressant prescriptions were associated with increases in suicidal events among people with severe depression.

Certain antidepressant drugs, known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), bupropion, or venlafaxine, are potentially effective in treating ADHD. Sometimes these are used in combination with other ADHD medications for comorbid depression and anxiety with ADHD symptoms.

Antidepressants are similar to stimulants in that they help raise levels of certain chemicals in the brain, like norepinephrine and dopamine. These two chemicals, when increased, can help improve attention span in those who have ADHD. They are also helpful in reducing impulsivity, hyperactivity, and aggression.

Medications Commonly Prescribed for ADHD

You have many options for ADHD medication to treat ADHD. Finding the right ADHD medication can take some time. Understand that often, a multimodal treatment (a combination of treatments) is the most effective option for many people who have ADHD.

Be patient, talk to your doctor, and know that taking enough time to figure out the right ADHD medication, dosage, and schedule can really pay off in the end. Talk to your psychiatrist or healthcare professional about the possible risks and benefits associated with the above ADHD medications before starting any treatment.

ADHD Medication Dosage Ranges

ADHD medication dosing varies based on factors like age, symptoms, and how you respond to treatment. Providers typically start with a low dose and adjust gradually to balance effectiveness and side effects. Always follow your prescriber’s guidance and avoid making changes on your own.

This table provides a general overview, but exact dosage ranges vary widely depending on the specific medication and individual needs. Your healthcare provider will guide all dosing decisions to ensure safety and effectiveness.

How to Get ADHD Medication

If you're thinking about starting any child or adult ADHD medication, it's important to talk to your doctor or psychiatrist first. Learning as much as you can about a potential ADHD medication and its side effects can enhance the likelihood that your treatment will be both effective and productive.

Your doctor may prescribe one or more types of ADHD medication. To start treatment, you should follow the steps below:

1. Get diagnosed: If you’re unsure whether your symptoms align with ADHD, reviewing common ADHD symptoms in adults can help you better understand what to look for before seeking an evaluation. ADHD assessments might include a physical examination, a series of interviews, and other feedback.
2. Begin therapy or treatment: The most effective form of treatment for most people with ADHD is a multimodal treatment plan; consider combining therapy with your ADHD medication.
3. Discuss your options for medication: Learn about the different types of ADHD medication available.
4. Talk to a psychiatrist: A psychiatrist can prescribe the right ADHD medication.

Should You Treat ADHD with Medication?

Being cautious of ADHD medication is a valid concern. With all ADHD medications, there's a potential risk for substance use challenge, especially if you don't have a formal diagnosis. Whether or not you treat your ADHD with ADHD medication is a personal decision.

There's no right or wrong answer, and only through research and talking with your psychiatrist and prescriber can you make the best decision on primary care for you or your loved one. Understanding the pros and cons of medications can help you make your decision. Take all the side effects of ADHD meds into consideration and be sure to ask your prescriber about anything you want clarification on or are unsure about.

Brand Name Vs. Generic ADHD Medications

Brand-name and generic ADHD medications contain the same active ingredients and meet the same FDA quality standards, but they differ in cost, availability, and sometimes individual response.

Here's a side-by-side breakdown to help you compare your options:

Inactive ingredients like fillers and binders can vary between brand and generic versions, which may affect how some individuals respond. Insurance plans often require trying a generic before approving a brand-name prescription. Your psychiatrist can review your response to either option and adjust your prescription accordingly.

ADHD Medication Insurance Coverage & Cost Considerations

The cost of ADHD medications varies widely depending on your insurance coverage, whether you choose brand or generic versions, and your specific prescription plan.

Non-Pharmacological Treatments for ADHD

While ADHD medication can be effective, combining it with other approaches to support ADHD treatment often leads to better outcomes. These evidence-based strategies can support symptom management and improve daily functioning.

• Behavioral therapy: Helps you build practical coping strategies, such as improving organization, time management, and impulse control.
• Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT): Focuses on identifying and changing unhelpful thought patterns, improving emotional regulation, and strengthening problem-solving skills.
• Skills training: Targets specific challenges in daily life, such as managing finances, improving communication, or increasing productivity at work or school.
• Regular physical activity: Exercise may help improve focus, reduce hyperactivity, and support overall mood and mental well-being.
• Sleep hygiene: Maintaining consistent sleep routines and reducing screen time before bed can help manage attention and energy levels.
• Stress management techniques: Practices like mindfulness, meditation, or yoga can support emotional regulation and reduce feelings of overwhelm.
• Balanced nutrition: Eating regular, nutrient-rich meals may help stabilize energy levels and support focus throughout the day.
• Omega-3 fatty acids: Found in fish or supplements, omega-3s may offer modest benefits for some people, though research is still ongoing.

Talk to your healthcare provider about which combination of treatments may work best for you. A multimodal approach can help address ADHD from multiple angles for more sustainable results.

Start Your ADHD Treatment Journey with Talkspace

Managing ADHD is rarely a one-size-fits-all process. The right combination of medication, therapy, and lifestyle strategies depends on your symptoms, health history, and personal goals.

Working closely with a qualified psychiatric provider gives you the best chance of finding a plan that genuinely works. Talkspace connects you with licensed psychiatric providers who can evaluate your needs, discuss medication options, and provide ongoing support. If you are ready to take the next step, explore online ADHD treatment through Talkspace and get the care you deserve from the comfort of home.

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